By : Eustasius Suci Adi / 10/306457/PMU/06626
Introduction
Nowadays, Indonesian is active to implement national development. National development is a series of sustainable development efforts covering all aspects of the society, nation and state to achieve national goals as mandated in “Pembukaan Undang-Undang Dasar 1945”, paragraph 4 about protecting Indonesian and improving the welfare, educating the nation and participating implement law of world based on freedom, lasting peace and social justice.
In order to realize the lofty ideals of Indonesia mentioned above, the government has tried to do various activities, one of them is to push the rate of the national economy. Growth rate of industry is the mainstay of the government in order to improve the economy in Indonesia. Economy of Indonesia will not develop without the support of the increase in industry as one of economy sectors that is dominant at the present. Based on the description above, the writer tries to provide an overview of the problem of the impact of industrial development on the economy, particularly the welfare of workers that is one of the main supports in the industry development.
In Indonesian history, liberalism has never succeeded to make this country as a bastion of industrialization. Many times, the industry governance in Hindia Belanda, and then Indonesia, should give up and compromise with the primitive model characterized by the exploitation of labors.
Hence, the attitude of the industry and the government standing behind the industry, almost always have attitude reactionary toward the labor movement emerging as a resistance to the cruel industrial methods. Industry, throughout the history of Indonesia, is almost always built from the top, and it serves the interests of the ruling.
Throughout its history, the labor movements who always strive for their welfare that has been unstable which reflect the relation of the labor movement to power, instead of industry. Every time of the labor movement had been experiencing. It is because of the organization of the militant bases accompanied by the spirit of politics. And every time of the labor movement suffered a backlash, it was undoubtedly caused by the firmness, loosening of militancy in the bases or soporific due to political parliamentary.
Labor movement is based on collectivism, in organizing, the patient propaganda and education that never gives up, and the merger between socio-economic struggles with political struggle for power. If the labor movement remembers this, and they are consistent to implement it, they will be strong and fit. But, if it is forgotten, then the labor movement will be tired, will be caught by politic of the investors.
Problems
Growth and development of industrial infrastructure, it has not affected the welfare of workers in this sector. The lack of the continuity of industry development has led soft infrastructure related to workers' education.
Eugene V. Schneider in Om Wiki1 is a person who cares about the industry in France in 1800s. He mentioned there are four factors:
a. The workers are often at the lowest position caused by the bureaucracy of the industry.
b. The workers are also at the lowest part of the authority hierarchy.
c. The workers are at the end of a chain of communication and command.
d. The workers are always posited as the laity ruled or administered by a bureaucratic hierarchy
From the statement of Eugene V. Schneider above we can take on the subject about demanding injustice of RIGHTS which should be obtained by people. The right of a worker is to obtain independence in balance with the obligations of work they had done. In addition, basic rights as human beings must receive adequate independence from the education. Both of the RIGHTS could not be arbitrarily seized by the authorities.
Of these factors, there cause dissatisfaction to the rights which have accrued to workers working in the sector. In addition, other causes are ignorance of workers' rights and obligation they have. And this became an opportunity for entrepreneurs or owners of industry to exploit the workforce in Indonesia.
Rationalism
How does rational theory serve as a guide for the development practice? The theory of rational economics proposed by Alfred Marshall (1895) assuming that every human being is interested to maximize their utility, to achieve the welfare and profit. The rational theory will investigate each alternative and choose the best according to their individual needs.
The emergence of industrial infrastructure affects the development of the quality of workers becoming a part of running an industrial development itself. Development of industrial infrastructure will certainly have an impact on labor demand.
The growth of the industry is expected to provide a good impact on the economy (employment) and provide revenue for the workers employed in these industry sectors. Rationally, if a company gives suitable salary to workers, this will make the workers willing to work with more responsibility.
Demands
Such conditions give the demand for workers to fight their rights and their fate. The demand for knowledge of workers' rights that should they get, how to achieve it and how to develop these demands can be fulfilled, so there is a mutually beneficial engagement both from employers and also the workers .
Educational infrastructure for the workers is a challenge to answer the real problems that occur on labor conditions in Indonesia. Strengthening the capacity, organization, leadership, awareness and character development become the main focus in the educational infrastructure of these workers.
Educational infrastructure raises the challenge for the workers to explore and do it continuously. This is related to sustainable development where education of workers could indirectly have a positive impact on industrial development.
In addition, related to economic development and welfare of workers determined the workers because government policies made are more favorable ruling/entrepreneur party. The infrastructure challenge (Anonymous, 2005) that leads to economic growth and poverty reduction, reduction of unemployment would not happen if there is no agreement and the same understanding on the development of the industry itself.
Is educational infrastructure of workers capable of providing the changes to the labor conditions that are worse with the rapid growth of the industry?
Equity
Various policies that have been carried out by the government in an effort to boost the rate of industrial development in Indonesia, activities in the field of preparation of the regulation that is expected to push the rate of industrial development, as well as real policies through empowerment departments related. In addition, the Coordination and collective action (at the community level, regional and local government, labor, state-society linkages) need to be reviewed, whether the relationships has been run well and it gives benefit each other and leads to the welfare of workers and society. Or is it only the welfare of owners, or only the government?
In regulation, to achieve the objectives above, it is needed the legal tool that is able to underlie the effort setting, coaching, and development and all industrial activity. In the framework of these needs, it is time to make renewal of industry law that is valid, where the law of industry has not been appropriate with the development of economy and industry that exist at present. This problem becomes more important, especially when it is associated with the existing fact. It is used for the setting, coaching, and industrial development that is only profitable for the entrepreneur or parties that control the industry, so that the interests or rights obtained by the workers should be properly explored.
Accountability and risk management (risk-sharing, accountability, management of government support) has been given in a little amount. This is also reinforced by the lack of support provided by the government related to policies that are not too much to take sides the workers. In this case, the educational infrastructure provided to workers, indirectly it is able to provide the impact on the development of welfare of workers themselves.
Educational Infrastructure provided to workers does not always have a positive impact. But it does not always carry a negative thing. Failure of workers development to function as labor unions fighting their fate, also they have experienced a failure when deal with the greed of businessmen. And this led to begin the growth of alternative labor unions. Some that is worth mentioning is SBSI (Serikat Buruh Sejahtera Indonesia), SBMSK (Serikat Buruh Merdeka Setia Kawan) and PPBI (Pusat Perjuangan Buruh Indonesia). This is a form of development of educational infrastructure to workers who are able to provide resistance to the injustice perpetrated by the ruling and impartial on workers' welfare.
Furthermore, in the field of bureaucracy, the optimization of the empowerment of the relevant departments is required in order to achieve industrial development as outlined in the national development goals. These activities can be done through human resource development, trimming the bureaucracy in licensing and others whose primary purpose is to enhance industrial development.
Community Development
Infrastructure supports the growth process giving the impact on poverty reduction and including on increasing production and improving productivity. In addition, the infrastructure should help people (especially poor) basic access service, which can improve their lives and income opportunities to improve the welfare of society.
Industry development in Indonesia has not given a good effect in welfare of workers or employees. It is still evident from some movements performed in order to prosecute welfare of workers for their lives. There is much large-scale exploitation of workers employed.
Long struggle of the new Indonesian labor movement gets the good way when Suharto was forced off the throne. Despite the reformation following the fall of “Orde Baru”, it is not giving fruit like a dream before, these reformations still leave a space for the growth of a new labor movement that is more fresh and vibrant. Many independent unions stood everywhere. Unions that had been forced to join SPSI, one by one began to break away from its center. Actions of labor strikes and massive demonstrations began to become part of everyday news in the media.
This means that workers have started to dare to build community and dare to deal with the various parties which are always detrimental to workers with policies that are made. One of them is the development of industry that is not pro labor.
The labor union was formed with the situation where the infrastructure development industry does not provide welfare for their workers, so there is the infrastructure that leads the education of workers to reclaim their rights as workers who can be welfare.
Conclusion
The effect or impact of industrial development is very crucial at the development of Indonesia economy. Industry holds a decisive role in economic development so that it really needs to be supported and pursued its development.
Government efforts in improving the industry in Indonesia can be done through two ways, namely in terms of regulations made by updating the law of Industry which is not relevant to the circumstances, and in terms of bureaucracy that can be done by improving the quality of human resources and lead to policy that takes sides both parties (employers and unions), so that prosperity can be secured properly.
By observing the influence of industry on the development of the economy, then it is proper if the government is serious and immediate to change both the regulations and bureaucracy associated with the industry and prepare something to welfare.
Once again, the condition of industrial development does not take sides of common interest, which urges labors or workers who always give demands to achieve and get their rights as workers that they do not it. This means that industrial development does not necessarily have an impact in community development.
And keep in mind that the industry development should always involve the community, especially in determining policy and should be mutually beneficial and not detrimental to either party.
Skill is not the main goal, although it is not wrong if it was made a priority, please pursue intelligence and cleverness. Hopefully we are able to have the priority understanding, as we learn to walk earlier, when we walked using legs instead of using hand.
With an understanding of the fulfillment of their rights, I think the workers do not always claim their rights because they have been educated by the unilateral interest that only give profitable business. People who have a role as the ruling party in the shaded circle of the workers we may call the owner, director, manager, and human beings work environment that has authority on his work.
Reference
Anonim, (2005), Connecting East Asia, A New Framework for Infrastructure, ADB-JBIC-The World Bank, Manila
Phillips, (2009), An introduction Community Development: seven theories and seven community developers, Routledge 270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA
Cahyono, Edi (no year). Gerakan Serikat Buruh dari Masa Ke Masa: Kolonial Hindia Belanda sampai Orde Baru. Hasta Mitra, Jakarta
Brown, Colin.(2003), A short history of Indonesia: the unlikely nation?. Crows Nest: Allen & Unwin. Taylor, Jean Gelman. Indonesia: Peoples and Histories. New Haven, Yale University Press.
